(2025), ERD 24 % (2025→23 % 2026), new company 15 %. Modelo 200: 1–25 July. You are a resident if you are in Spain > 183 days/year or have the centre of your economic interests there. Spain has no split residence year — the obligation applies for the entire calendar year. For new arrivals who were not Spanish residents in the previous 5 years: a 24 % flat rate on employment income up to €600,000 (above that 47 %), for 6 years; wealth tax only on Spanish assets. Apply via Modelo 149 within 6 months.

Legal Structures & Buying Through a Company

Property Guys

*Buy privately or through a company? Legal structures, tax timelines and the Beckham regime for new arrivals.*

Legal structures#

SL (Sociedad Limitada, ≈ German GmbH): minimum capital since “Crea y Crece" (Ley 18/2022) from €1

(below €3,000 special creditor-protection rules apply; advisers usually recommend real capital). Formation costs excluding capital ~€1,500–3,000.

SLU — single-member SL (with the addition “Unipersonal").
SA — minimum capital €60,000; for pure property holding practically irrelevant.
Autónomo (self-employed): unlimited liability, IRPF; new income-based

contribution system (2023+), tarifa plana €80/month in year 1.

comunidad de bienes — without legal personality, régimen de atribución de rentas.
sociedad patrimonial — asset-holding company (property holding); corporate income tax

25 %, no reliefs, no wealth-tax exemption for an “empresa familiar".

Taxes & timelines#

Impuesto de Sociedades (corporate income tax): general 25 %; Microempresa 21/22 %

(2025), ERD 24 % (2025→23 % 2026), new company 15 %. Modelo 200: 1–25 July.

IRPF (residents): brackets 19–47 %; campaign Apr–Jun (Modelo 100).
IRNR (non-residents): 19 % (EU) / 24 % (non-EU); Modelo 210.
IVA quarterly (Modelo 303); IAE (exempt where turnover < €1m).

Tax residence (183-day rule)#

You are a resident if you are in Spain > 183 days/year or have the centre of your economic interests there. Spain has no split residence year — the obligation applies for the entire calendar year.

Beckham regime (`régimen especial de impatriados`)#

For new arrivals who were not Spanish residents in the previous 5 years: a 24 % flat rate on employment income up to €600,000 (above that 47 %), for 6 years; wealth tax only on Spanish assets. Apply via Modelo 149 within 6 months.

Private vs. company#

Private: lower running costs, IRPF rental reductions, easier resale — good for

own use/second home.

Spanish SL/patrimonial: corporate income tax 25 % instead of IRPF up to 47 % (worthwhile for large

estates/portfolios), broad deductible business expenses — but no ITP advantage, economic double taxation on sale + distribution.

Foreign company: hardly any advantages left — UBO register, exchange of information and,

where seated in a tax haven, a 3 % gravamen especial (GEBI) annually on the cadastral value (Modelo 213).

🟡 Art. 314 LMV (sale of shares instead of the property): ITP-exempt only without tax-avoidance intent;

the anti-abuse rule applies on acquiring control of a real-estate-heavy company.

Sources (selection)#

Ley 18/2022 („Crea y Crece") · Ley 7/2024 (IS rates) · Art. 9 & 93 Ley IRPF (residence/Beckham)
AEAT (Modelos 200/210/303/213) · GEBI (Modelo 213)